Foreign Policy Analysis : Compare and Contrast Nigeria’s Relationship with the U.S.A. Essay

Presentation: A country’s international strategy is a lot of objectives laying out how the nation will interface with different nations financially, strategically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser degree how the nation will communicate with non-state entertainers. The previously mentioned connection is assessed and observed in endeavors to amplify advantages of multi-parallel worldwide collaboration. International strategies are wanted to help venture a country’s national intrigue, national security ideological objectives and monetary flourishing. This can happen because of quiet collaboration with different countries or even through abuse. International strategy investigation is the orderly investigation of and examination into the procedures and speculations of international strategy. This paper tries to assess the relationship (monetary and military) that has existed among Nigeria and the United States of America. (U.S.A) in two totally different ages. (1960-1966), post autonomy, and between 1999-2003, the prompt majority rule period after an extensive post-militaryâ interregnum. The paper will comprise of a presentation and portions on reasonable explanations, hypothetical system, X-beam of subject under investigation, and the end drawn from the examination will likewise be introduced. Applied CLARIFICATION Worldwide Relations: Rossenau, (1961). Perspectives universal relations as the investigation of the exchanges, contacts, streams of data between and among independently sorted out country state. Holsti, (1972). Characterizes worldwide relations to envelop all types of connection between the individuals from particular social orders. Adeniran, (1983). presents that worldwide relations is a territory of study which centers around the political, monetary and different cooperations among global entertainers and the between state frameworks. Monetary relations: is a connection between at least two expresses that spins around the advancement, trade of fund, industry and general exchanging exercises. Military relations: A military is an association approved by its country to utilize power, typically including utilization of weapons, in shielding its nation by battling genuine or saw dangers. The military is comprised of a power or powers with a capacity to execute national safeguard arrangement. Military relations manage the association between and among country states to improve ability advancement particularly as it influences the vital, operational, strategic and strategic necessities their military powers. Military relations are portrayed by the trading of battle arms and bolster administrations. Hypothetical FRAMEWORK The hypothetical system inside which this investigation will be directed, is the dynamic methodology. The hypothesis centers consideration around the procedures of open dynamic. A political activity has the character of a choice taken by certain entertainers in a particular circumstance through a specific procedure. Political activities can be comprehended by alluding to the individual who took the choice and the between dynamic procedures by which the choice was reached. While following the dynamic methodology, the political researcher needs to experience an intricate arrangement of social mental and institutional procedures. Thus, this methodology needs to draw on a few ideas created in human science, social brain research and brain research. Mahajan, (2000:39). The dynamic methodology has two principal purposes one is the distinguishing proof of â€Å"crucial structures† in the political domain where changes occur, where choices are made, where activities are started and completed. While, the other is an efficient examination of the dynamic conduct which prompts activity. At the end of the day, the choice methodology centers request around entertainers called leaders and on the state characterized as the choice unit. Subsequently, the activities of the state are seen through the activities of the chiefs. The core here is that if an adequate information on the conduct and exercises of the realized on-screen characters is set up, it can establish the framework for the clarification of a choice. Okere, (2000:115) NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES International strategy targets are based upon some broad standards or national interests which is exemplified in the nation’s constitution. International strategy targets of any country can be grouped into a trinity of military key, political/conciliatory and monetary/social objectives. In the primary republic, (1960-1966) which establishes a piece of this study’s point of convergence the key targets that guided Nigeria’s international strategy, were articulated by sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa the principal head administrator of Nigeria, to incorporate among others; - Respect for the power and regional honesty of different states. - Non-obstruction in the inward undertakings of different states. - The advancement of utilitarian participation among African states. Part II, sub segment 19 of the 1999 constitution diagrams the international strategy targets of Nigeria between 1999-2003. Which establishes the second leg of the study’s time span. What is anyway sure is that under the two diverse ages that Nigeria’s international strategy is to be exposed to investigation by this examination, the vital target of the international strategy has been to advance and secure the country’s national enthusiasm for its cooperations and associations with explicit nations in the worldwide framework. (Abdullahi: 2004). NIGERIA-AMERICA RELATIONS: Motives for Collaboration President Kennedy once noticed that: â€Å"Every country decides its arrangements in term of its own interest† The conventional American international strategy envelops both good vision and crude personal circumstances. The United States’ essential enthusiasm for connection to Nigeria is oil. As an insatiable shopper of the country’s â€Å"sweet† (i.e., low-sulfur) oil, America perceives Nigeria’s worth as the biggest oil maker in Africa and the fifth biggest in the OPEC. Nigeria has been perhaps the biggest exporter of raw petroleum to the United States. American organizations, for example, shell, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron have generous interests in the worthwhile Nigerian oil industry, which, alongside other Western oil organizations, they rule. Nigeria drove a peacekeeping crucial piece of the Economic Community of West Africa States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) that assisted with settling long-term U.S. partners Liberia and Sierra Leone. A third U.S. intrigue is the support of America social authentic linkages to the nation of Nigeria. An incredible number of Ameri cans follow their underlying foundations to Africa. A significant number of those Americans, including performer researcher Paul b. Robeson (1898-1976), follow those birthplaces to Nigeria. Last, however surely not least, America needs Nigeria’s help in its crusade against universal medication dealing. The financial hardships in Nigeria, brought about the rise of a huge medication subordinate culture and in the change of Nigerian fringes into a significant course for the dealing of cocaine and heroin into the United States. The United States likewise looks to Nigeria to help decrease the quantity of Americans misled by the proposal of Nigerian business openings that are â€Å"too acceptable to be true.† as indicated by one gauge, â€Å"Americans lose $2 billion every year to white [collar] wrongdoing coops situated in Nigeria.† Nigeria finds in the United States a consistent purchaser of its oil. Despite the fact that Nigeria’s portion of the U.S. showcase has vacillated throughout the years, the United States stays an essential buyer of Nigerian unrefined petroleum. Second, Nigeria esteems political binds with America. The United States is one of the most impressive nations on the planet, and the two nations share comparable segment highlights, for example, et hnic, financial, and strict complexities. Nigeria depends on these political associations as it explores different avenues regarding a presidential style of government. Third, in the same way as other creating nations, Nigeria looks to take advantage of America â€Å"technological capabilities† for its labor improvement needs. A huge number of Nigerians have rushed to the United States looking for advanced education. Nigeria will augment the advantage of its relationship with the United States by recognizing and abusing the focuses at which the two nations’ interests cover. Nigeria and U.S. interests join as for the buy and offer of raw petroleum and the need of keeping up genial political relations. (Otherwise known as, 2005) It ought to be noticed that in the period under survey, (1960-1966), it was the leader that kept up a close to syndication of power over the country’s international strategy (Aluko, 1977). For Nigeria then again, there was a convincing need to industrialize the economy and modernize farming following autonomy. To accomplish this goals, the nation would require remote guide and the broadening of the country’s abroad market †America was one of the nations she turned upward to for the infusion of the necessary cash-flow to support her improvement plans. NIGERIA UNITED STATES’ RELATIONS (1960-1966) For quite a long time, United States international strategy has been ostensibly portrayed by its conciliatory and monetary support of fledging majority rule governments around the globe. Specifically, the countries of Africa and especially Nigeria are believed to profit by America’s optimistic remote Agenda. (Otherwise known as, 2005). It ought to anyway be noticed that couple of outside political activities are based totally in cooperative attitude; they are all the more frequently established in judiciousness and reasonability. Despite the fact that advancing majority rule government may, as was prior expressed, be an adequate national enthusiasm for and of itself, such hopeful reflection is typically enlarged by progressively concrete or material contemplations. This is positively valid for the United States’ enthusiasm for relations with Nigeria. (Otherwise known as, 2005). There are a plenty of social, chronicled and p

How to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing

Step by step instructions to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing Step by step instructions to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing Today, companions and toxic acquaintances (we know you’re out there), we’re taking a gander at the semicolon, including when this accentuation imprint ought to be utilized in formal composition (for example not for making emojis wink). We’ll additionally investigate the contrast among semicolons and colons. Utilizing a Semicolon to Link Sentences The principle utilization of the semicolon is to interface two sentences. This stresses an association between free provisions that would some way or another be isolated by a full stop. For example, the accompanying sentences work without anyone else: My preferred food is spam. I spend a fortune on tinned meat. In any case, we could interface them with a semicolon to show that they are associated: My preferred food is spam; I spend a fortune on tinned meat. This makes it clear that my adoration for spam and my meat costs are connected. I likewise wear this outfit each day. I have a problem.(Photo: Charles LeBlanc/flickr) Connecting sentences like this is basic when the subsequent sentence begins with a conjunctive modifier (e.g., â€Å"however† or â€Å"furthermore†) or a progress expression (e.g., â€Å"as a result†): I love spam; thus, I eat it for each supper. As over, this underlines the association between the two proclamations. As a rule, you shouldn’t utilize a semicolon before conjunctions like â€Å"but† or â€Å"and,† in spite of the fact that they can be utilized for lucidity if both of the provisions being joined contains a comma. Utilizing Semicolons in a List The second significant utilization of semicolons is to isolate things in a rundown. As a rule, commas are sufficient for short, straightforward records (like the accompanying): The menu offered four decisions: spam, eggs, corn meal or flapjacks. Be that as it may, if the recorded things are progressively mind boggling and as of now incorporate commas, utilizing semicolons to recognize them helps lucidity: The menu offered four decisions: spam, fries and beans; hotcakes, syrup and spam; egg, bacon and spam; or spam, spam, spam, spam and spam. Here, for example, utilizing semicolons unmistakably shows where one thing on the menu closes and another starts. Utilizing just commas in a rundown like this, by correlation, could be befuddling. Semicolon or Colon? Realizing when to utilize a semicolon and when to utilize a colon can be precarious, since colons can likewise be utilized to interface two related sentences. There are two elements to consider here. The first is that semicolons must be utilized to connect total sentences, though the data following a colon can be as meager as a solitary word. For example: There’s just a single food I can’t stand: spam. On the off chance that we needed to revise this utilizing a semicolon, we’d need to utilize two free conditions: There’s just a single food I can’t stand; I despise the flavor of spam. Simply Say No (to Spam) The subsequent thought is that the data following a colon is normally a clarification or particular of a general articulation (i.e., progressively broad: increasingly explicit). With a semicolon, be that as it may, the sentences connected are regularly of equivalent weight or significance.

Innovation and Sustainable Business Development Model

Question: Talk about the Innovation and Sustainable Business Development Model. Answer: Presentation The plans of action are considered as a viable portrayal of the general business forms. It can take different structures, for example, literary, relevant and graphical and these components are interrelated (Chesbrough 2013). There are likewise budgetary contemplations that are planned by the association including the present and the future administrations or items. The essential develops of the plans of action incorporate offer, hierarchical foundation, esteem engineering, esteem organize and mechanical design (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). A plan of action clarifies the method of reasoning behind the creation, conveyance and catch of significant worth in the social, monetary or social imperatives. This paper would portray the various properties of the plan of action and how plan of action can be seen as a framework (alongside the utilization of various insightful articles). Conversation The idea of plans of action is utilized to speak to the formal just as casual portrayals in understanding the center business angles (Chesbrough 2013). There can be assortment of the business procedures, for example, target clients, reason, authoritative structures, operational approaches and others (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). The plans of action are utilized to clarify just as arrange the business forms so as to investigate various prospects of things to come advancement (Chesbrough 2013). The plans of action can be considered as a lot of the suspicions and the theory that is utilized to decide the secret weapons just as significant exercises in the worth chain (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). As indicated by Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk (2014), the plan rationale perspectives on the distinctive plans of action considers the procedure as results for the formation of new authoritative structures so as to seek after a totally new chance. As opined by Baden-Fuller and Haefliger (2013), the worth chain exercises are characterized by the diverse framework segments, for example, advertising, deals, outbound coordinations, administrations and others, which are significant segments of a framework. The association is considered as a business relationship that depends on receptiveness, common trust, shared rewards and shared hazard the executives in an association. This prompts more noteworthy business execution in the association. At the point when the plans of action are considered as a component of the frameworks, at that point the general model aides in knowing, understanding and invigorating the model portrayal (Chesbrough 2013). The framework displaying can likewise be utilized to characterize the distinctive interdisciplinary investigation of the use of the models to build just as conceptualize the frameworks chiefly in the IT and business advancement viewpoints (Veit et al., 2014). The frameworks that include the capacity demonstrating are worried about the utilization of explicit procedures, for example, practical stream graph and others. The business procedure demonstrating documentation is one of the graphical portrayals to indicate the business procedure in a common work process (Flowers Edeki, 2013). The applied models are frequently considered as considered as the modified works got from genuine world and it very well may be physical or social (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). The estimation of a model is identified with the well portrayal of the present, past, future and the genuine condition of the undertakings (Veit et al., 2014). The plans of action go about as frameworks, which can take care of dynamic and static issues (Farahani et al., 2014). The static models are characterized as the generally steady parts of the plans of action that experiences insignificant change over some stretch of time. The plans of action are considered as proportionate to the administrative style of the logical strategy in which the speculation is the beginning stage for taking care of the issues in a levelheaded way. The business directors utilize the plans of action to expand countless static just as powerful issues (Flowers Edeki, 2013). The spreadsheet gives increasingly scientific way to deal with the arranging procedure and the chiefs can examine the segments just as sub-parts of the framework in a legitimate issue (Veit et al., 2014). The static issues can be unraveled by asking imagine a scenario in which inquiries so as to increase basic suspicions for the business. The organizations can likewise deal with the dynamic iss ues by picking up advertise bits of knowledge and deal with the subsequent financial matters (Veit et al., 2014). The chiefs can increase a thought with respect to the general business working and the definite framework forms give important criticism to improving the frameworks forms (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). The plans of action can be accustomed to understanding the associations of the firm (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). This should be possible using the Business Model Canvas. The business visionaries should be cautious about the key associations which would assist them with performing the business exercises in a smooth way. This would be finished with the plan of reasonable inquiries to comprehend the idea of associations (Flowers Edeki, 2013). The inquiries incorporate the basic associations for business, who are the distinctive basic providers, sort of organizations as indicated by the requirements, area of the best gracefully chain and others (Flowers Edeki, 2013). The plans of action help in the recognizable proof of various elements that help in the distinguishing proof of the correct associations (Zou et al. 2014). This involves the correct association understandings, characterizing of desires, sway on the customers, assurance of the success win circumstance and the correct determina tion of the accomplices. The business substances need to choose the different sorts of organization alternatives, for example, vital partnerships, joint endeavors and purchaser provider connections (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). The business frameworks are valuable for understanding the advancement procedure utilized in a firm (Davenport, 2013). They characterize the arrangement of procedures that are utilized by the organizations for continuing in the market. Blossoms and Edeki (2013) characterizes development as the way toward continuing themselves over the contenders is finished with the assistance of inventive procedures. The business framework diagrams the various methods of advancement that happens in a business situation (Camisn Villar-Lpez, 2014). The distinctive procedure streams would be shown in the business frameworks. This would make it conceivable to comprehend the various degrees of inventive business arrangements that are utilized by the associations. The article on Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese firm by Mitsuru Kodama illuminates the Japanese firms which are rebuilding their associations to contend in the worldwide market (Kodama, 2009). The paper assessed the competency of different Japanese firms in various ventures, for example, hardware, media communications and others. The article concentrated on the information coordination firm, new sort of corporate model. The goal of the paper is to dissect the achievement elements of the Japanese firms in the innovation areas and how they set a guide to the world (Kodama, 2009). The essential contention of the article is on the information reconciliation process which is worried about dexterous coordinated effort between various hierarchical elements. The principle thought behind the Japanese firms spins around the mechanical just as advertising advancement. They additionally have way dependant information and the organizations actualize assorted informa tion from different sources. Another business structure is proposed, which is known as the information mix model. This model is a coordination model for the heterogeneous information, which is common in the inward just as outside condition of the association (Kodama, 2009). This model is delicate to the dynamic changes in the even just as vertical corporate limits (Kodama, 2009). It has incorporation of vertical worth chain and co-advancement model, which is utilized for dissecting win-win plans of action (Kodama, 2009). The interior information is being coordinated with the assistance of inward systems and the outer information is done through the outside systems. The corporate limits are risen above with the assistance of information move process (Kodama, 2009). The two parts of the business procedure is worried about the new limit originations and the dynamic human systems (Kodama, 2009). For instance, the information mix model is being utilized by significant firms, for example, Toyota and DoCoMo. They utilize I-plan of action which includes the vertically incorporated worth chains. The article on Killing Two Birds with One Stone helped me to comprehend the plans of action in a superior way. This article plainly characterized the creation of a plan of action benefit model and the business frameworks (Itami Nishino, 2010). The business framework is answerable for the conveyance of the administrations or the results of a firm. The purpose behind choosing this article is that it gave an away from of the present circumstance of the organization and joining of significant worth included highlights in the business forms (Itami Nishino, 2010). The one of a kind plan of action would assist the organizations with gaining adequate upper hand by taking care of the dangers related with the business. The article expressed unmistakably the genuine business structure of an association in shortsighted terms (Itami Nishino, 2010). The benefit model of the organizations is likewise clarified in the article alongside genuine models, (for example, Google). It is imperative to compr ehend the center resources of a business which are regularly undetectable, be that as it may, they do influence the business in a significant manner (Itami Nishino, 2010). The center fitness of a firm decides the income age and the upper hand. End This paper introduced a portion of the intriguing discoveries that would be useful in understanding the future business patterns. The busines

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France Essays -

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France The French Revolution was a critical achievement in European history, recollected by numerous individuals in chronicled and artistic works. The circumstance in France, for the most part under the initiative of Louis XVI, had a negative impact in France, subsequently making a ideal atmosphere for the French Revolution. France was tormented by both obligation, and poor dynamic. preceding 1789. France was neediness blasted and troubled with probably the most noteworthy obligations. On the also, Interior Minister Chretien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (*The monetary causes of the French unrest, pg. 4). Louis presented probably the most harsh burdens and established money related changes. More noteworthy changes were forestalled by the restriction of the privileged societies and court. This restriction was solid to the point that Turgot had to leave and was supplanted by Jauques Necker. Protracted wars, the help to the American Transformation and the gross measure of expenses paid and the sumptuous spending of the court added to the colossal national obligation. The administration's money related issues were made more terrible after 1740 by the restoration of exorbitant wars (the French transformation, pg. 9). The war of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Year's War (1756-1763) were European wars over the control of focal Europe and provincial and business wars among France and Great Britain (*Aspects of the French Revolution pg. ). At their end, in 1763 France had lost practically every last bit of it's pilgrim domain in America and India. In 1778 the French propelled an assault against Britain in the American Revolution. They were planning to debilitate old contentions and recover lost states. The expectations of the French were not understood and their investment in the war expanded an effectively substantial national obligation. After Louis XVI allowed monetary guide (1778-81) to the American provinces rebelling against Great Britain, Necker proposed intense assessments on the honorability. Necker had to leave in 1781 (Louis XVI and M. Antoinette ..pg 37) in light of the uneasiness of the individuals. Charles Alexandre deCalonne supplanted him in 1783 and acquired cash for the court until as far as possible was reached (* Canadian Reference book ref: france, unrest ). The resentment of the French individuals against charges, obligation and rich spending on the Court brought about the review of Necker in 1788, who still couldn't forestall chapter 11 of the administration. During the following couple of years the monetary emergency consistently compounded, on the grounds that the legislature was bankrupt. Louis was compelled to assemble a conference with an agent of the Estates-General, ( an administration gathering comprising of delegates of the ministry, honorability and normal people). Once in the meeting the Estates-General took intensity of the legislature. One of different reasons for the national obligation was at the flaw of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI was portrayed as not excessively astute, powerless and unable ruler (* Encarta, ref: Louis XVI). However, he was canny enough to get cash from the legislature. It was notable that Louis was more worried about his very own undertakings than with the interests of the court and the individuals. Regularly work exhausted him and he surrendered his work over to his guides a priests. He liked to invest a great deal energy and the individuals' cash on excessive things, and his better half. As opposed to taking care of past obligations and helping the circumstance, he expanded charges on the laborers and went through more cash, intensifying the problem. By 1787, the national obligation was 112,000,000 livres (* the French Revolution, Albert... pg. 25) and kept on deteriorating, honing the national obligation significantly more. In the time driving up into and during the French Revolution there was class pressures, frequently between the honorability and the laborers. There were likewise poor living conditions. Some state that these circumstances are not Louis XVI's flaw but rather were issues he acquired with the position of authority. So he can't be accused for the occasions driving into the French Revolution. In this timeframe there were class strains. The nobles had all the benefits and rights. The workers were stepped on from each point. So what made the nobles so alluring? There was style, differentiation and acknowledgment that the honorable sculptures brought. They had a scope of benefits that they got. Nobles took priority on open events, and conveyed blades. (the French Revolution, sydenham, ..pg 61)They were qualified for a preliminary at an exceptional courts. They additionally delighted in money related favorable circumstances. They paid no obligations on moving medieval property and honorability presented exception from the essential duty, le taille (* Oxford, pg.

Healthcare-Related Career Options

The November 2009 issue of Money magazine ranks physician assistant and nurse practitioner among the 50 best jobs in America. In fact, physician assistant ranks second and nurse practitioner fourth. The study rated jobs on flexibility, benefit to society, satisfaction and stress, and PA and NP received identical scores in three of the four categories: B for flexibility, A for benefit to society and satisfaction. The low grades (C for PA, D for NP), not surprisingly, were in the stress category. (Dont let this scare you only six occupations received Bs in this category, and there were no As.) The article also provides salary information, and the news there is encouraging. The median salary for PAs is $90,900, with a top salary of $124,000. NPs come in slightly lower with a median of $85,000 and a top of $113,000. The best news of all, given todays employment market, is that both professions are considered recession-proof. The shortage of primary care physicians and the advent of stand-alone urgent care centers and clinics in retail establishments have created many new opportunities; in addition, both PAs and NPs are attractive to medical facilities looking to keep costs down. A Winston-Salem PA quoted in the article considers flexibility the best part of his job. To date, he has worked in family practice, public health and emergency medicine. A New York City NP most enjoys teaching her patients about the small lifestyle changes which can lead to significant improvements in health. If youre on the fence about medical school, or you know you want to work in health care but havent zeroed in on a specific occupation, these are solid choices to consider carefully. By Joan Davis, who had 18 years of experience as a pre-medical adviser at the University of Rochester before joining Accepted in 2006.

The Advantages of Section - Free Essay Example

ADVANTAGES OF S. 176, WHO BENEFITS AND CASELAWS. INTRODUCTION As a general outline, S. 176 of Companies Act 1965[1] deals with schemes of arrangement of companies facing financial difficulties or in the case of companies at the brink of winding-up. What is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Schemes of Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and how do these schemes assist or facilitate the companies during financial difficulties? To define in simple terms, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Schemes of Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  refer to schemes that enable companies in financial difficulties to pay out to their creditors in full. Therefore, companies enter into schemes or arrangements with creditors to put into effect a compromise or a moratorium. What is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“moratorium?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“moratoriumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  can be defined to 2 things : A temporary prohibition on an activity; From the legal aspect, it means an authorized delay of legal obligations or payment.[2] Therefore, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“moratoriumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is used to show that a temporary deferment of payment by the companies in debt to their creditors is, legally allowed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by the leave of Court. A compromise scheme, however, is the type of scheme whereby the creditors agree to accept payment of less than the amount that is owed to them.[3] In other words, once the compromised amount is paid, the company is released from any further obligations or debt towards the creditors. In certain occasions, the creditors may also compromise to convert their debts into shares in the company.[4] Therefore, it is on the agreement of the companies and their creditors to determine which scheme or arrangement suits best for both parties. WHAT IS S. 176 COMPANIES ACT 1965? Now, focusing on the main issue, how does S. 176 of CA 1965 actually facilitates or assists companies which are facing financial difficulties, into entering schemes of arrangement? The answer would be because S. 176 acts as a mechanism, or as a tool which binds a formal compromise (companies may pay less than the amount owed to creditors upon agreement by both parties) or moratorium (suspension or delay or deferment of payment for a specified period of time to their creditors) between the participants as long as an agreement by the majority of the members have been achieved and, subject to approval by the court. In short, when a company and its creditors agree to enter a scheme of arrangement, S. 176 comes in to facilitate both parties by : Binding both parties once a majority vote is achieved and obtaining approval from the court to grant leave for the scheme of arrangement. S. 176 can also be read together with S. 178[5] and S. 180[6] as S. 178 sets out the orders that the court can make to put into effect a scheme for the reconstruction of any company or companies or the amalgamation of any 2 or more companies. As stated under S. 178(1) : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Where an application is made to the Court à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ for the approval of a compromise or arrangement and it is shown to the Court that the compromise or arrangement had ben proposed, for the purpose of, or in connection with a scheme for reconstruction of any company or companies, or the amalgamation of any 2 or more companies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Court may, either by way of approving the compromise or arrangement or, by subsequent order provide for all or any the following matters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] Therefore, what S. 178 provides is actually the requirements or the order the court may request in order to make the scheme or compromise to be effected. S. 180 on the other hand sets out the procedures that enable the transferee company to compulsory acquire the shares of a dissenting shareholder to a scheme or a contract that involves the transfer of all shares in a particular class in the transferor company to the transferee company.[8] WHO BENEFITS FROM S. 176 COMPANIES ACT 1965? In a nutshell, it can be said that the scheme of arrangement saves companies from bankruptcy by giving a chance to the companies to pay their debt to their creditors or debenture holders. Therefore, as clearly stated above, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clear to say that the companies facing financial difficulties should benefit most from S. 176 CA. This is because the main purpose of S. 176 CA is to restructure the financial affairs of a company which is heavily burdened with debts. Therefore, when S. 176 comes in as a saving provision for companies in debt, it eases both the company and their creditors. However, as much as the company may receive benefits from S. 176, there are circumstances where companies may misuse the provision for the own benefit. Therefore the law should provide a safeguard provision for the creditors as well. We must bear in mind that the main focus of S. 176 is to ease the burden of the companies who are truly in a fi nancial crisis. The advantages at the end of the scheme of arrangement should be of that the companies are able to carry on their business ultimately as usual, and not release themselves from liability of paying the debts they owe to their creditors. S. 176 AND CASELAWS The law and its relation to the scheme of arrangement is governed by S. 176 CA. As stated earlier in the general rule, when a company is soon to go bankrupt or winding-up, S. 176 CA acts as a mechanism and as a tool to protect the company and assist them in paying their debt of to their creditors. S. 176 CA provides that a scheme of arrangement of either a compromise or a scheme may be put into effect and thus, helping both the company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to continue their business as usual à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and to pay the creditors back à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the money owed to them. How does the law apply or what are the instances where S. 176 CA were applied? First and foremost, when a company wishes to create a compromise or a scheme, the company itself à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the member of the company or member of a class or the creditor à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to make an application to the Court. For instance, in the landmark case of Re Foursea Construction (M) Sdn Bhd[9], the court held that and application of arrangement for ex-parte is not allowed as it must be in the form of both parties being present and active in order to avoid injustice especially towards the creditors. In other words, for an application of scheme of arrangement, the Court shall not grant the application if there is only one party that applies to the Court. It must be applied from both parties à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the company and the Creditor. However, with every general rule, there is also an exception. In this case, a circumstance where the Court may allow an ex-parte application is when there is a sense of valid urgency that exists. The application of ex parte is seen in the case of PECD Bhd Anor v Merino-Odd Sdn Bh d Ors[10] where the applicants filed an ex-parte application, and the application is only for exceptional cases of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"valid urgencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Therefore, the applicants have a crucial duty to disclose all relevant materials including any information that may be unfavorable to the applicantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ themselves. The court will, strictly compel the applicants to comply this requirement. However, in this case, in order to obtain the ex-parte order, the applicants did not sufficiently identify all their supporting documents that need to be disclosed. As a result, the court held, since the rule of fair and frank disclosure should be practiced by the applicants in this case, the applicantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ failure to disclose the subject matter and decision of the previous court which did not favor them was actually against the principle of disclosure.[11] It was found and proven the applicants had acted mala fide and the judge set aside the ex-parte appl ication and his restraining order under S. 176 of CA 1965. [1] S. 176 Companies Act 1965. [2] Dr Shanty Rachagan, Dr Janine Poscoe, Anil Joshi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Concise Principles of Company Law in Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p. 551. [3] www.lawteacher.net/saving-companies-which-face-financial-difficulties (accessed on 19th December 2014) [4] Dr Shanty Rachagan, Dr Janine Poscoe, Anil Joshi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Concise Principles of Company Law in Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p. 552. [5] S. 178 Companies Act 1965. [6] S. 180 Companies Act 1965. [7] S. 178(1) Companies Act 1965. [8] Dr Shanty Rachagan, Dr Janine Poscoe, Anil Joshi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Concise Principles of Company Law in Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p. 553. [9] [1998] 3 CLJ 135. [10] [2009] 3 CLJ 685. [11] www.lawteacher.net/the-law-of-scheme-and-arrangement (accessed on 19the December 2014)

Why Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be An Available And...

Dying On Your Own Terms Jenell Mote Mohave Community College Nursing I NUR 121 Ms. Goss March 30, 2016 Dying On Your Own Terms Dying on your own terms is a very controversial topic. It seems that both sides of the argument feel very strongly about their position. In this paper, I will argue that physician assisted suicide should be an available and accessible option for patients that are opting to end their lives on their own terms. Choosing to utilize physician assisted suicide can decrease pain and suffering, allow a person to die with dignity and independence by not feeling that they are becoming a burden on their family, and prevent a person from dying alone. Some of the reasons people are against physician assisted suicide include their personal religious beliefs and the fear that it may get out of hand and target certain people in society, including being used on people with disabilities or certain races. In my opinion, the biggest reason to legalize physician assisted suicide is decreasing pain and suffering in terminally ill patients. I can imagine that knowing you are dying is hard enough. Pain and suffering should not be added to that. Palliative care, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatmentShow MoreRelatedAssess the Intent and Impact of Publicity-Oriented Legal Challenges to Physician-Assisted Suicide3908 Words   |  16 PagesHS542ON Section A Nov 2011 Health Rights and Responsibilities Professor A. Dennis Research Paper Assess the intent and impact of publicity-oriented legal challenges to physician-assisted suicide 12/11/2011 Background A retired social worker, Smith, was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 86. 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